【 Weak current college 】 computer fault repair of sense and skill (3)

Chapter II: startup and shutdown class failure

First, define an example

And startup, shutdown, process-related failures. Start is from the self test is completed to enter xx for system application interface this process occurs, shut down the system is from the click on the close button to disconnect the power supply after all the process.

Second, the possible failure phenomenon

1. start the process of death, an error, a black screen, restart, etc.;
2, the startup process, a file error;
3, the startup process, always perform some should not be made of the xx (as always scan disk, start an unusual applications, etc.);
4. only in safe mode or in command line mode;
5, login failed, an error or crash;
6. close the xx for system panic or an error.

Third, the part may be involved

The BIOS Setup, startup files, device drivers, xx for system/application configuration file; power, disk and disk drives, motherboard, signal line, the CPU, memory, possible other boards.

IV. judgments points/order

1. preparation before maintenance
1) disk data cable;
2) multimeter;
3) virus checking software.
2, environmental checks
1) machine accessories and appearance inspection:
A. mains connection is strong sad, there should not be too loose or not plugged in place;
B. host hard drive led is properly glisten, there should be no light or permanent phenomenon;
C. observation system have the unusual smell, components of the high temperature whether;
D. observing the CPU fan speed is not enough, or too slow or unstable;
E. listen to drive if there is noise at work.
2) drive connectivity checks:
A. drive power connection is correct, in prison. Drive power outlet virtual received;
B. drive jumper setting drive connection cable line; on location
C. drive data cable is wrong or missed, specifications and technical description of drive (e.g. drives that support DMA66 must use 80-core data cable);
D. drive data cable is defective (e.g., exposing the wire, die hard curved or marks, etc.), except as may be determined by observation, by replacing a data cable to check;
E. If the drive is through other card attached to a system, or through other boards (such as hard disk protection card dual network isolation card, etc.) to control.
3) check for another part installation:
A. through plug parts (including CPU, memory), check whether disappear (Reseat should do before dusting and cleaning gold finger work, including slot). If you always addressed by Reseat, you should check whether the part is installed, too loose, rear bezel size does not fit, sockets are too tight, so that the plug is not in place or being squeezed out;
B. check the CPU fan and the CPU is a good contact. It is best to reinstall it again.
4) display of the Watch: it is necessary to pay attention to the content of an error screen, panic's location to determine fault may occur in parts of the body.

3. fault points
1) fully communicate with the user, understand the process cannot be started and a user of xx;
2) check the BIOS settings:
A. whether you have to just replace the different types of hardware. If the motherboard BIOS support BOOTEasy function or BIOS-write switch open, it is recommended that you turn it off, to be completed once the complete startup, and then open;
B. whether to add a new hardware. This should remove the added hardware to see if my problem is vanishing, and if so, check the add hardware is faulty, or system settings are correct (through the comparison of new hardware manual check);
C. check the BIOS settings, such as: boot order, boot disk device parameters, etc. Recommended the adoption of clear CMOS to recovery;
D. check if BIOS issues (including settings and features) xx for system won't boot or shuts down, you can try the Windows directory BIOS.vxd (or VPBIOSD.vxd) renamed BIOS.old, and then restart, or shut down, and if fault disappears, by modifying the BIOS device or update the BIOS to resolve, and BIOS. Note After the test is complete, be sure to change it back to the original name (Note: except for Windows98, xx for system this file);
E. in some special cases, you should consider upgrading the BIOS to check. E.g.: for the first time after starting the application or device, some do not work, check the device itself, you can consider updating the BIOS.
The following checks must be in software minimum system.
3) disk logical check:
A. under the startup process of the error, the corresponding check disk partition is correct, the partition is active, whether to format;
B. direct check the hard drive is partitioned, formatted;
C. adding a additional drive failures (such as a floppy drive or CD-ROM drive) to check whether or not to start from the other drive (if using the floppy disk drive, it is best to use Seagate boot of assay). If, for the first 3), 4) step of checking, otherwise proceed to step 5); then, by checking whether the partition is not activated, bad road, etc.;
D. the boot partition on the hard disk has been activated, it has to start with the startup files or commands;
E. check the hard drive on the boot partition is accessible, if not, use the appropriate manufacturer's disk utility to check the hard drive is faulty. Faulty, replace the hard drive; in case of failure, by the initialOf hard drives to detect if the fault persists, replace the hard drive;
F. using other drives can no longer boot time, remove the hard drive first, see if it can be started, if you are still unable to cope with software minimum system parts to check, including hard disk drives and disk transfer public part-disk interface, power supplies, memory, etc. If you can start, it is best to initialize the hard disk for a time, and if fault xx does not disappear, and then replace the hard drive;
G. If you want to initialize the hard disk, but the user xx has useful data, it is recommended that users looking for a data recovery company.
4) xx for system configuration check:
A. for a file error, you should follow in part one of the mentioned software debugging method to fix the file;
B. the situation cannot be started, it is recommended that a "select previous boot" or restore the registry to early scanreg.exe backup of the registry method check whether you can eliminate;
C. checking system for third party programs running, or improper settings in the system or device driver causing startup is not working properly. Here, particular attention to the Autoexec.bat and Config.sys files, you should override the two files, check the boot failure could disappear;
D. check the boot settings, start a group of items, the registry key value, and whether to load an unnecessary procedures;
E. check for viruses. Requirements in one system, you can only install an anti-virus software;
F. when necessary, through a key recovery, recovery, installation method, review the start of the failure;
G. display when startup is not working properly (such as a black screen, video, etc.), display the class failure judgment method checks, but first it is necessary to pay attention to display device driver correctly, your display settings are correct, it is best to show changes to the standard VGA mode check.
Check the hardware part 5):
A. If the boot drive is through the addition of control cards, please drive directly connected on default drive interface (motherboard);
B. when software minimum system started normal, should be gradually revert to the original configuration state to locate the cause cannot be part of the normal startup;
C. pay attention to check the power supply capacity, that is, the output voltage is within the allowed range, the fluctuation range is outside the allowable range (see the maintenance tools use manual);
D. drive check, refer to the disk class failure judgment method;
E. hardware considerations, you should consider starting from memory: memory testing is conducted to determine whether the failed portion of memory, the memory location of the installation, from the first memory slot to begin the installation, the installation of multiple memory check memory specifications are consistent, compatible, and so on. The memory specifications please see the relevant sections of Appendix II.
6) for the normal shutdown of the phenomenon, from the following checks:
A. at the command prompt to view the BOOTLOG.TXT file (in the root directory). This file is the post registration file, it records the system failed to record work, save a copy of the system during normal working, records, and a problem compared to the record, find the offending driver, locate the driver in win.inisystem.ini corresponding options, or in the registry to find the corresponding key value associated with it, change or upgrade the drivers, it is possible to solve the problem;
B. upgrade the BIOS to the latest version, note the CMOS settings (especially the APM, USB, IRQ, etc.);
C. check to see if there are some system files are corrupted or not installed (see Appendix II (iii) related content)
D. the application causing the problem, turn off the startup group of applications, check the shutdown of the sound program for damage;
E. check to see if a device does not shutdown caused, such as network cards, sound cards, you can update the driver or replace the hardware to check;
F. by installing the patch or upgrade for the system to check xx;
G. for Windows98SE system shutdown problem, please refer to Appendix II (3). One of the lead essay for other Windows System.
　
5. This failure of judgment process
See Appendix a (ii).

6, case

Case 1:
Problem description: the client computer to install the system, WIN2000PROFESSIONALxx each time you start are blue, reported MEMORYERROR.
Solution: at the customer Department, fault recovery, customer information, customer reflects the failure of the former had installed a memory stick, after such a failure. Remove the memory after the shutdown, reboot, still blue, but no longer reported MEMORYERROR. Taking into account the WIN2000 on hardware requirements are higher, but the failure is in the installation of memory failures, the base can be concluded that the machine's first wife hardware and software systems. Once again, restart the computer, turn on when you press the F8 key, select the entry "VGA mode", the computer starts correctly, and logged in correctly. In a normal landing, reboot into normal mode, the computer starts normally, at this point, troubleshooting.

Case two:
Problem description: client machine is running a malicious program, cause every time you start after a dialog box appears, and the dialog box does not close, the only force concluded, the client machine has the important procedures, did not want to reinstall xx for the system.
Solution: first suspect is a virus that commonly used anti-virus software is running are not allowed in the killing. In the "start"-"run" and enter "MSCONFIG" in the "start" group still cannot find the program. Run "SCANREG," restore the registry to the oldest version of the fault persists. Finally had to hand-editRegistry, run "REGEDIT" in the "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows
\CurrentVersion\RUN, locate the corresponding program file name, delete the corresponding key, restart, and troubleshooting. (Note: it is recommended that before making changes to the registry, use Registry Editor to "export" function to do a backup of the registry. ）