【 Weak current College 】 hard soft troubleshooting basics

In the development of hard drive at an increasing rate, many users are currently have purchased large capacity hard drive. Hard drive is the computer easier to failure of equipment, when a hard drive failure, a lot of valuable data may have to go down the drain, so does not make hard drives bring the? introduces some solve hard disk basic methods of soft failure.

First of all introduce the composition of the hard disk, a hard disk basic is composed of two parts:

1. the head-disk Assembly (HeadDiskAssembly), hereinafter referred to as head disk components (HDA);

2. printed circuit board Assembly (PrintedCIRCUITBoardAssembly), hereinafter referred to as PCBA.

The first disc of components within the cavity is hard drive disk slices, disk slices of data structure, according to the track from low to high and consists of the following five components: (find a computer repair to China Yixiu network)

(1) MBR: the master boot sector records (MASTERBootRecord)

MBR located on the hard disk of cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1, that is commonly known as the zero track location. It consists of the command Fdisk partition. The end of the flag is 55AA MBR. Use anti-virus software of KV300 + F6 function you can see, the default screen is the MBR.

(2) DOS boot record DBR: (DOSBootRecord)

DBR is located on the hard disk of cylinder 0, head 1, sector 1. It is the format command to Format. DBR conclude flag is 55AA. In KV300 + F6 function, press F1, the displayed picture is the DBR.

(3) FAT: file allocation table (FileAllocationTable)

FAT table is located in the cylinder 0, head 1, sector 2. FAT table size from the hard drive capacity, hard drive capacity, the greater the FAT table.

(4) DIR district: root zone (Directory)

DIR is the root zone. When we at the DOS prompt, type DIR and press ENTER to ENTER and display the content that appears on the contents of the area. (Find a computer repair to ChinaYixiu network)

(5) The data area DATA area:

DATA area is responsible for the data stored on your hard disk. When copying data to the hard drive, the data is stored in the DATA area.

Currently, enhanced IDE (EIDE) hard drive mode is divided into three types: NORMAL, LBA and LARGE mode.

NORMAL mode or normal mode. This is the original IDE mode. In this manner on the hard disk access, the BIOS and the IDE controller on parameters without any conversion. This mode the maximum supported number of 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, 63 sectors, each sector is 512 bytes. Therefore support the largest hard disk-capacity: 512 × 63 × 16 × 1024 = 528MB

LBA (LogicalBlockAddressing) mode or logical block address mode. In LBA mode, the setting of the cylinder, head, sector, and other parameters is not an actual physical parameters. To access the hard disk, the IDE controller to the cylinder, head, sector, and other parameters determine the logical address to a physical address of the actual hard drive. In LBA mode, you can set the maximum number is 255 heads, the remaining parameters are the same as normal mode. From here you can calculate the accessible hard disk-capacity: 512 × 63 × 255 × 1024 = 8.4G

LARGE model of the big mode. When more than 1024 cylinders of your hard disk without for LBA support, you can use this mode. LARGE model approach for the cylinder number divided by 2, to head multiplied by 2, even if the reduction in the number of cylinders, but the total capacity is unchanged. The opposite conversion process is completed by the INT13H BIOS in order to obtain the correct hard disk address. LARGE mode supports maximum hard drive size: 512 × 63 × 32 × 512 = 1GB

Now, high-capacity hard drives are set to the LBA, the other two are rarely used.

The hard drive's boot process generally is in accordance with the West:

The first step in BIOS test the hard drive.

The second step of the add-in hard disk to start theprogram, confirm that your hard disk allocation table.

The third step loading DOS startup programs, confirming that the BIOS parameters area.

Step 4: start loading the IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS file.

The fifth step load the CONFIG.SYS file.

The sixth step load command.com system files.

The seventh step load AUTOEXEC.BAT batch file.

Fix hard drive failure, general use tools is a floppy, Win95 or Win98 (OSR2) boot disk, a low-level format software, to kill the spare. (Find a computer repair to China Yixiu network)

Hard disk failure can be divided into hard and soft failure two categories

Hard fault usually referring to the PCBA Board damage, disc scratching, head or motor damage, etc. Because of the hard maintenance requirements of basic knowledge and requirements are higher, so for most users are not able to repair and can not do it.

Soft fault hard disk slice data structure as aReason, such as a virus causes confusion and even hard disk data structure is not being recognized and developed. In General, the motherboard's BIOS drive automatic detection (IDEHDDAUTODETECTION) If you can detect the hard drive, hard drive does not have a physical injury, if you have any questions should be as soft failure.

Hard soft fault has occurred, we can usually be excluded in the following steps:

The first step to check the motherboard BIOS working mode in the hard disk to see if the correct settings for your hard drive.

The second step uses the appropriate operating system boot disk to start the computer.

The third step of checking whether the normal hard drive labeled 55AA; active partition flags 80 correctly.

The fourth step used antivirus up to kill viruses.

The fifth step if the hard disk does not start, use the startup disk, and then enter the command: SYS C: carriage return.

The sixth step run Scandisk command to check and fix FAT tables or DIR district of error.

Step 7 error if software running, you can reinstall the operating system and applications.

The eighth step if the error still run the software, you can repartition your hard disk, advanced formatting and reinstalling the operating system and applications. If no results, then we can only low-level format, in fact, a hard disk if the eventuality, basically just hopeless, even the low that successfully, you will have an adverse effect on the hard disk.