【 Weak current College 】 linux directory and commands Daquan

Linux Directory schema
/Root
/Bin binaryfile for frequently used commands from ...
/Boot storage system startup, you must read the archives, including core (kernel),
/Boot/grub/menu.lstGRUB settings
/Boot/vmlinuz kernel
/Boot/initrd core solution for the RAMDisk which means ...
/Dev system peripheral equipment
/Etc system related settings files
/Etc/DIR_COLORS set color
/Etc/HOSTNAME set user name of the node
/Etc/NETWORKING only YES indicates network exists
/Etc/host.conf file shows how to query the user's system node name
/Etc/hosts set user their IP and name of the corresponding table
/Etc/hosts.allow settings allow the use of the machines use inetd
/Etc/hosts.deny settings do not allow the machine to use inetd
/Etc/hosts.equiv set remote machine without a password
/Etc/inetd.conf set system network daemons inetd configuration
/Etc/gateways set router
/Etc/protocols set system protocols supported
/Etc/named.boot set to the name server configuration files
/Etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 set IP
/Etc/resolv.conf to set DNS
/Etc/X11XWindow profile, xorg.conf or XF86Config this two cuts of equipment for XServer
/Etc/fstab record post to mount file systems
/Etc/inittab set system startup init process will put the system is set up as a kind of runlevel
/Etc/issue records before user logon information displayed
/Etc/group set user group name and related information
/Etc/passwd account information
/Etc/shadow password information
/Etc/sudoers can sudo command's profile
/Etc/securetty set which terminal you can enable root login
/Etc/login.defs all user logs in the default configuration
/Etc/exports set NFS systems
/Etc/init.d/all services default equipment zone mobile script is placed here, for example, to activate Mobile or related article we
/Etc/xinetd.d/this is is the management of the project superdaemon service equipment fixed gear mesh, ...
/Etc/modprobe.conf kernel module extra parameter set
/Etc/syslog.conf log settings files
/Home users home directory
/Lib system will use the function library
/Lib/moduleskernel related module
/Var/lib/rpmrpm Suite installation Department
/Lost + found system not normal production hygiene problem loading data, meeting will lose some pieces placed genetic in this eye-recorder under
The mount point/mnt peripherals
/Media and/mnt similar
/Opt host additional installation of software
/Proc virtual directory mapped to memory
/Proc/version kernel version
/Proc/sys/kernel system kernel features
/Root system administrator home directory
/Sbin system administrator can execute instructions
Some service zone/srv mobile, these services need to have access to the information items, ...
/Tmp general users or programs being Executive is pleased, the time of placing the file case
The biggest directory/usr, Xu applications and files
/Usr/X11R6: X-Window directory
/Usr/src: Linux source code
/Usr/include: System header files
SUN's OpenWin/usr/openwin deposited
/Usr/man online manual
/Usr/bin users may Executive of the mesh-recorder binaryfile
/Usr/local/bin users may Executive of the mesh-recorder binaryfile
/Usr/lib system will use the function library
/Usr/local/lib system will use the function library
/Usr/sbin system administrator can execute instructions
/Usr/local/sbin system administrator can execute instructions
/Var log file
/Var/log/secure record recorder login system to access information in the file case, for example, pop3, telnet, ssh, ftp, etc, will record recorder in this file case
/Var/log/wtmp record recorder login ' telecommunications pricing information, last
/Var/log/messages several derivative system sends the raw problem loading data telecommunications pricing
/vAr/log/boot.log record recorder open machine or some service zone Mobile's carousel, the display of the startup action or related interest we communications
/Var/log/maillog record recorder postal pieces of access or to come (sendmail and pop3) of consumer records, ...
/Var/log/cron record recorder crontab this routine services content
/var/log/httpd,/var/log/news,/var/log/mysqld.log,/var/log/samba,/var/log/procmail.log：
Distinction is Jimmy's tonal Web road services record recorder musician and some common basic commands:
Uname-a view kernel version
Ls-al displays the attributes of all files
Pwd shows the current path
Cd-returns the last directory cd ~ return to the main directory
Dates set time, date
Cal display calendar cal2006
Bc Calculator tool
Man & info help manual
Locale display current font locale-a all available fonts/etc/sysconfig/i18n settings files
LANG = en English fonts
Sync synchronize data written to the hard drive
Shutdonw-hnow & & poweroff shuts down half
Reboot restart
Startx & init5 into graphical interface
/Work &? work up or down to find the content of the document
Chgrp change file group chgrptestinginstall.log
Chown changes the respective person chownroot: rootinstall.log
Chmod change property chmod777install.logread = 4write = 2execute = 1
Cp replication cpfilename
Rm to delete the file rm-rffilename force remove file
Rmdir to delete folder
Mv move mv123.txt222.txt rename
Mkdir create folder
Touch to create a file for updating the current time
The first line of the cat by beginning to show more paging cat |
Nl in content with line numbers
More & less side side flip
Head-nfilename n rows content displayed
Tail-nfilename after N lines displayed
Od shows non-native documents
Df-h show partition space
Du display size of a directory or file
Fdisk partition settings fdisk-l/dev/hda displays hard disk partition status
Mkfs establishing file system mkfs-text3/dev/ram15
Fsck-check and repair a LINUX file
Ln hard link ln-s software links
Whereis lookup command
Locate find
Find find find/-name "***. ** *"
Which view tools
Whoami displays the current user
Gcc-v view GCC version
Chattr + ifilename prohibit deleting chattr-ifilename unblock
Lsattr show hidden file attribute
Updatedb update repositories
Mke2fs format mkfs-text3
Ddif =/etc/passwdof =/tmp/passwd.bak backup
Mount the partition system all listed
Mount-tiso9660/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom mount CD
Mount-tvfat/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk
Mount-tvfat-oiocharset = utf8, umask = 000/dev/hda2/mnt/hda2 mount fat32 partition
Mount-tntfs-onls = utf8, umask = 000/dev/hda3/mnt/hda3 mount ntfs partitions
Linux-NTFSProject:http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/
Umount/mnt/hda3 dismounting
Ifconfig displays or sets the network equipment
Servicenetworkrestart restart network card
Ifdowneth0 close card
Ifupeth0 open card
Clear screen clearing
History history! performed the first 55 55 directive
Stty setting terminal stty-a
Fdisk/mbr remove GRUB
At only advanced line of work scheduling
Crontab on global Executive of routine editing command [e], [l], [r] delete tasks
Background running programs tar-zxvf123.tar.gz & &---------> running in the background
Jobs at the background of the program jobs-l
Fg the daemon to the foreground fgn------> n is a number, you can specify for the program
Bg let work runs in the background
Kill end process compulsory kill-9PID [9], [15] the end of the normal ending, [l] lists the available kill signal
Psaux view daemon
Top view daemon top-d2 updated every two seconds once watched a PID top-d2-p10604
Top-b-n2/tmp/top.txt-----> > will top of information into line 2 times, then soak the EGM of the document out to/tmp/top.txt
Displayed in a tree diagram pstree [A] to ASCII from connected received, [u] lists the PID, [p] lists account
Killall to delete a personal service killall-9httpd
Free display memory status free-m--------> displays with M
Displays the current system uptime uptime
Netstat displays the network status netstat-tulnp------> find out the current system has been in the monitoring of the deaf of braids road connected line of PID
Display the given information demsg dmesg | more
Nice set of priority nice-n-5vi &-----> use root to a nice plant for-5, used Executive vi
Renice priority adjustment already exists
Displays the current runlevel runlevel
Depmod analysis can load a module's dependencies
Lsmod display loaded system module
Modinfo display information kernel module
Insmod the loaded modules
Modprobe the module can be loaded automatically processed
Rmmod removes modules
Chkconfig checking, setting the system's various services chkconfig--list-----> lists various service status
Ntsysv set system services
Cpio backup file
Compress command: * .Zcompress * .bz2bzip2 * .gzgzip * .tartar * .tar.gztargzipcompressfilename [-d] [-d] uncompressgzipfilename zcat123.gzbzip2-zfilename [-d] bzcatfilename.bz2tar-cvf/home/123.tar/etctar-xvf123.tartar-zxvf/home/123.tar.gzgziptar-jxvf/home/123.tar.bz2bzip2tar-ztvf/tmp/etc.tar.gztarcpio-covB > [file | device] cpio-icduv < [file | device]