【 Weak current college 】 computer fault repair of sense and skill (1)

Part one-General

Chapter 1 basic principles of computer maintenance and method

The principles described here, methods, and so is the second part of the classification to determine basis need to be carefully observed.

§ 1.1 for computer repair should follow the basic principles:
A judge shall be, for maintenance, from the simplest things
Simple things, on the one hand, referring to the observation, on the other hand is a simple environment.
Simple things is the observation, it includes:
1, computer surroundings — location, power, connectivity and other equipment, temperature and humidity, etc.;
2, the computer, display, and they and the similarities and differences in normal circumstances;
3. computer internal environment — dust, connections, components of the color, the shape of the part, led status, etc.;
4, computer hardware and software configuration — what kind of hardware is installed, the resource usage; use is to make the kind of xx for system, it also installs the application software; and hardware driver versions, etc.
Simple environment include:
1. the follow-up will be mentioned minimum system;
2, in the judgement of the environment, only the Basic run-parts/software, and is suspected of the faulty parts/software;
3, in a clean system, add the user's application (hardware, software) to analyze and judge
From simple things conducive to concentration of energy, makes for a failure of judgment and positioning. It is important to note that serious observation must pass before they can judge and maintenance.

Second, according to the observed phenomenon, to "do" after the first

After doing the first, including the following:
First of all, you should think what to do, where to start, and then the actual hands-on. It can be said to be the first analysis, and then make the repair.
Secondly, for the observed phenomenon, as much as possible to review the relevant information, if there are no corresponding technical requirements, use features, etc, and then under the access to information, combined with the following content to be talked about, and then proceed to repair.
Finally, in a judgment, to their existing knowledge and experience to judge for themselves don't know or don't know, be sure to ask experienced colleagues or your technical support engineers, consulting, and seeking help.

Third, in the majority of computer maintenance judgment, must "first soft hard:

That is, from the entire maintenance process of judging, always determine whether a software failure, first check the software issues that can be outsourced software environment is normal, if the fault does not disappear, then from the hardware to check.

4. in the maintenance process to drawing a contradiction, i.e., "grab"

In the recurrence of symptoms, sometimes you may see a failure machine has more than one symptom, but there are two or more symptoms (such as startup process without explicit, but the machine also started, at the start, there is panic's phenomena, etc.), as, should first determine, repair the main symptom is that when the repair, maintenance of minor symptoms, sometimes minor symptoms is not in need of repair.

§ 1.2 computer maintenance of basic methods

First, the observation method

Observation, maintenance judgment process first to act, it throughout the repair process. Observation not only serious but also comprehensive. Want to watch content including:
1. the surrounding environment;
2. hardware environment. Including plug, socket and grooves, etc.;
3, software environment;
4. user's habits xx, process

II. minimum system method

Minimum system refers to the angle from the maintenance judgment can make the computer boot or run the most basic hardware and software environment. Minimum system has two forms:
Hardware minimum system: from the power supply and motherboard and CPU. In this system, there is no signal cable connection, only the power to motherboard power supply connection. In the judgment process through sound to determine whether such a core component to work properly;
Software minimum system: power, motherboard, CPU, memory, video adapter/monitor, keyboard, and the hard drive. The minimum system is mainly used to determine whether the system can complete the normal boot and run.
The minimum environment for software, the "software" in the following few points to note:
1. hard disk software environment, retaining the original software environment, just in the analysis, if necessary, quarantine as unloading, shielding, etc.). Preserve existing software environment, primarily used to analyze and judge the application software issues
2. hard drive software environment, only one basic xx for system environment (may be all the applications, uninstall or reinstall a clean xx for), and according to the analysis of needs, the needs of the application is loaded. You need to use a clean xx for the system environment, is to determine whether the system issues, software, or software and hardware conflicts.
3, in the software minimum system, you can add or change the appropriate hardware. E.g. in judging a boot failure, due to the hard disk does not boot, want to check whether or not to start from the other drives. At this point, the software minimum system by adding a floppy drive, or simply a replacement hard drive, floppy to check. Another example: in a judgment of audio and video connection failures, you should need software minimum system's sound card; in judging the network problem, you should at minimum system software to join the network card, etc.
The smallest system of law, mainly to determine in the most basic software and hardware environments, the system is functioning. If you do not work properly, you can determine the minimum software and hardware components have failed to play the role of fault isolation.
Minimum system and gradually add method, can quickly locate which occurred in other board software failures, improve maintenance efficiency.

Third, progressive TimAdding/removing method

Gradually add method with minimal system as the basis for a time to add a parts/equipment or software, to check whether the symptoms disappear or change, in order to determine and locate faults.
Step-by-step removal method, and gradually add method of the xx for the opposite.
Gradually add/remove method generally and replace method to more accurately locate faults.

4. separation

Is likely to obstruct the fault of hardware or software of a shielding method of judging. It can also be used to be suspected of conflicting hardware and software fault isolation to determine whether changes in a way.
Reference on hardware and software, shielded, for, that is to stop the run or uninstall; for hardware, is in Device Manager, disable, uninstall the driver, or simply removed from the system hardware.

5. substitution method

Alternate method is to use good parts to replace the defective parts may be, to determine whether the symptoms disappear for a maintenance method. Good part can be the same model or models. The order is replaced by:
1, according to the fault of the phenomenon or the second part of the failure category to consider the need for replacement parts or equipment;
2. Press briefly after the complex order replacement. If the first memory, CPU, motherboard, and if you want to determine a print failure, to consider whether the print driver has a problem, consider printing a cable fault, finally consider printer or parallel port is faulty, etc.;
3, the first test and suspect parts that are connected to the connectors, signal line, and then replace the suspect parts, and then replace the power supply after the last part, is related to other parts.
4, from a part of high and low failure rate to consider the first replacement parts. Failure rate of parts to be replaced.

6. comparative law

Comparative law and replace method is similar, that is, with good parts and suspect part appearance, configuration, run the phenomenon of comparison, in between two computers to determine fault computer environment settings, hardware configuration, thus identifying the fault.

7 liter cooling method

In on-site services, l cooling method as a tool of a restriction to the use and maintenance is different. In on-site service of heating method, the user's consent, to reduce the ventilation capacity, sad computer itself to warming fever; cooling methods are: 1) ambient temperature generally opt for a period of low, such as early or late time; 2) allows a computer outage 12 ~ 24 hours etc method implementation; 3) fan blowing on the fault plane to speed up the cooling speed.

8 beat method

Beating the method generally used in doubt that a part of the computer has access to undesirable faults through vibration, appropriate, or even a rubber hammer parts or equipment specific parts to make fault recovery, thereby determining fault part of a maintenance method.
　　
9. on computer products for cleaning recommendations

Some computer failure, often because the machine more dust, this requires that we in the repair process, observe the failure if there is a built-in, external, more dust and, if so, should first be dust removal, and then subsequent judgments. For the dust-xx, the following should pay special attention to:
1. takes note of the air duct cleaning
2, the attention of fans of clean
Fans of cleaning process, it is best to remove the dust, the fan shaft, point a little oil, lubrication and clock.
3. takes note of the plug, socket, slots, card edge connector parts cleaning
Gold finger clean, you can use the eraser to clean gold finger section, or with alcohol may also be cotton wiping.
Plugs, socket, grooves in the metal pins on the removal ofthe oxidation phenomena: the first is to use alcohol, a metal sheet (such as small a word gaizhui) in the metal pins gently scratch.
4, notice large-scale integrated circuits, components, such as the cleaning pin
Cleaner, brush or vacuum cleaner and other failings would get rid of the dust, while there are no virtual observation pin welding and moist, components for deformation and discoloration or spills.
5. takes note of the use of cleaning tools
Clean tools, first of all, is antistatic. Such as clean of xiaomao brush, use natural material brush, disable plastic brush. Second, if using a metal tool for cleaning, you must cut off the power, and on the metal tool for electrostatic discharge.
For cleaning of tools including: xiaomao brush, Tiger, vacuum cleaner, MOP, alcohol (unavailable to wipe the chassis, monitor, and other plastic shell).
6. for humid conditions, you should try to make it dry before use. The available tools such as electric fan, hair dryer, etc, or you can let it air dry.

10. software debug several methods and recommendations

1. xx for the system.
The main content is xx for system boot files and system configuration parameters, component files, viruses, etc.
Fix xx for system boot files.
1) for Windows9x system, available to repair the SYS command (to ensure that the size in MSDOS.SYS 1KB above), but, until it's fixed to ensure that the partition parameter is correct. This can be used such as DiskMap like software realization;
2) for Windows2000/XP system, there are two ways — fixing the boot files, use the fixboot command; to repair the master boot record, use the fixmbr command.
Adjust the system configuration file xx.
A. for Windows9x system, many of the tools available, such as: Msconfig command, System File Checker, preparation of the registryCopy and restore commands (scanreg.exe, it requires to run in a DOS environment. Additionally if you want to restore the registry used scanreg.exe, itis best to use the recovery menu second backup file), etc.;
B. for Windows2000 systems, the available tools and compared to the relatively small Windows9x, but some of the debugging commands available in Win98 some commands (such as the Msconfig command under win98, available in windows2000);
C. for WindowsXP systems, the available tools mainly Msconfig command;
D. adjust power management and related services, you can use the command to "run" in the text box, enter gpedit.msc to;
E. all xx for system debugging, are available through the control panel or Device Manager, computer Manager (Windows9x system) for system debugging.
The component file (including the .DLL, .VXD, etc.) -repair
A. through Add Remove program to reinstall;
B. from the .cab file for extracting installation;
C. available system File Checker (sfc.exe) to fix the errors in the file;
D. from good copy cover on the machine.
Check the system for viruses.
It is recommended that you use the command line under the virus killing software, and can directly access such as NTFS partition.
2, the device driver installation and configuration.
The major adjustment device driver and device matching, version is appropriate, the corresponding device driver under the response correctly.
A. it is a good idea to make the system automatically recognizes xx (except for special requirements, such as some have special requirements for display card drivers, sound drivers, a non-Plug and Play device driver, etc.), then consider forcibly install. This helps to determine the quality of the device;
B. If xx for system comes with a driver, the first use, are still not functioning properly or does not meet the application needs, you use the device with the driver;
C. replace the device, you should uninstall the driver and then replaced. Uninstall the driver from the Device Manager to uninstall, and then uninstall from safe mode; and then remove the INF directory; finally uninstallthrough the registry;
D. updating drivers, such as direct upgrade problem, unload and update.
3, disk status.
Check the disk partition is accessible, that the media is damaged, save the files on it are complete.
Available adjustment tools:
A.DiskMap, easily retrieve the correct partition;
B.Fdisk and Fdisk/MDR, check partition is correct and that the master boot record is restored to its original state;
C. when a hard drive larger than 64GB, if you want to repartition or to view partition, requires the use of random disk partition floppy disk that came with the Fdisk command. This command is available on the Fdisk command under windowsMe instead;
D.format, Scandisk, manufacturers provide disk utility that checks the disk media is a bad road;
E. file is incomplete, the requirements on the incomplete file to rename, and then in the "xx" in the system described in the reconstruction.
4. application software.
If the application software and system for xx or other application compatibility problems, use and configuration is described in the instruction manual conformed, application software related programs, data, and so is complete;
5. BIOS settings.
1) should the necessary to revert to the optimum state. Recommendations: in maintenance first BIOS recovery to the optimum state (usually out-of-the-State), and then under applications, to gradually set to appropriate values.
2) BIOS Flash does not have to refresh to the latest version, sometimes reduced version should be considered.
6. renewal of the system.
In the hardware configuration is correct, and the user license, you can rebuild the systematic way to judge the xx for system software failure, the user does not consent, it is recommended that you use the hard drive, to rebuild the system as xx. In this case, it is best to rebuild the system gradually restored to the State of the original hard drive the user to determine the point of failure.
1) renewal shall be for akey recovery, followed by recovery installation, and finally complete reinstallation. Recovery installation method:
For Windows9x system, directly from the CD, or you can implement recovery tools\sysrec\pcrestor.bat installed. When installing in recovery, it may be because the impact of the presence of win.com Setup process as normal, then, in the Windows directory, remove win.com, then re-install.
Another way to restore the installation, the root of the System.1st renamed after the cover off the System.dat Windows directory of the file with the same name, and then restart it. But this approach is not a true sense of the reinstallation, but similar to completely reinstall.
For WindowsXP or Windows2000 system, direct use of the CD, the installation interface, select repair installation, select R two options appears: one is the quick fix, for simple issues using this option; the other is a failover, simply select the correct installation directory to enable failover. Fault repair station interface similar to the DOS interface.
2) to ensure the system is clean before installation, execute Fdisk/MBR command (also available clear.com). If necessary, after performing format <驱动器盘符>/u [/s] command.
3) be sure to use random version or edition of a system of xxThe installation media to install.