【 Weak current College 】 hardware knowledge encyclopedia (1)

1): BIOS information section:
Upgrading the motherboard BIOS, motherboard information:
Power-on self-test, computer memory (upper left corner of the screen changes the string) press the Pause button to pause scrolling on the screen bottom with a row of the alphanumeric symbols (BIOS serial number) such as: "10/16/97-i430TX-AL513X2A59If3Bc-00" (AWARDBIOS format) or "40-01S5-ZZ1124-10101111-060691-OPWBSX-F" (AMIBIOS format) if BIOS is AWARD-format, the second bit (AL513X2A59If3Bc) if AWI can record the full serial number to the relevant site upgrade.
② If the primary BIOS to work properly, follow the normal procedures for system booting, the screen displays: "ThePrimaryBIOSisready", indicates that the main BIOS in a normal working condition, and prompted by pressing the F1 key to enter BIOS maintenance program.
① ③ If in the first step failure of main BIOS is detected, you will have temporary black screen appears on the screen "PrimaryBIOSisnotready" this is the prompt the user to the main BIOS boot has expired.
④ system enable alternate standby BIOS BIOS, continue to complete the system boots, the screen appears "F1togotorecoveryutility" prompt, provides to the user's option, the user can choose whether to continue and complete system boot or immediate repair main BIOS.
⑤ If the user is not the first ④ step by pressing the F1 key, or choose to ignore the main chip, the system will use an alternate boot BIOS completes.
⑥ If user is in the ④ step by pressing the F1 key, the system will call the BIOS repair tool, immediately on the main BIOS repair and restart, and then follow the above procedure work for system boot, will all return to its original state.
Note: in the first step, if ① main BIOS BIOS normally and standby, the system will alert the user that, similarly, the user can also select is the primary BIOS to maintain system operation, or use the primary BIOS BIOS repair spare.
In the maintenance program, select "RecoverPrimaryROMfromBACKUPROM", you can refresh the main BIOS to restore it to a normal state. If you accidentally cuoxuan% "will be the primary BIOS copied to backup BIOS", maintenance procedures will be made
Wake up operation errors, and rejection of such conduct, to ensure backup BIOS is not damaged. Of course, since backup BIOS are rewritable and any BIOS operations are currently work in BIOS, if the main BIOS is corrupted, the backup BIOS boot machine, do not restore the main BIOS, BIOS on reserve for mistake, it will corrupt backup BIOS could not be started. Although this happens by chance, but it is always a risk. On this issue, 1.3 BIOS's maintenance program and added automatic recovery, comprehensive protection, and other new features that enable BIOS accidental damage possibilities almost reduced to zero.
In order to ensure that the upgrade in a pure DOS environment, you can prepare a boot disk and copy the appropriate upgrade program, use the floppy disk boot, enter plain DOS. Of course, you can also use the hard disk to start the machine, the machine starts, press "F8"
Keys, select "enter the pure DOS CommandPromptOnly". Upgrade the BIOS from the hard disk can be * coefficient will be even higher. The following spoke Award7.52 Edition
Flash upgrade program, for example, to indicate what specific action steps.
(1) will choose to ORG RD2000 switch, and then start system to plain DOS, run FLASH upgrade program.
(2) make a backup of the BIOS, motherboard original BIOSROM chip data saved to disk and exit the upgrade program.
(3) keep the power-on status, will play the selection switch RD2000-RD1.
(4) implementation of FLASH upgrade process, the steps (2) the BIOS data written to RD2000 ROM, operation without shutdown.
(2): computer bland!
1. host not lit
A black screen after a post, host, and monitor the LEDs are off, or display of light and a host of led is not lit. Such a failure should first check the host power supply and power switch or bad or not connecting properly and, in particular the power cable and the power outlet is connected properly and in good condition. If the power supply has the problem, open the computer chassis Panel after visible host led light, and not to host the power supply fan rotation acoustic sound and hard disk, and so on, which indicates that the post with your host system simply didn't get good power supply — this kind of problem should first check whether the AC's outside. Use pencil and see the power outlet and the power cable is connected to the host power on one side there is the necessary multimeter testing its voltage is normal, the voltage is too high or too low can cause host power occur over voltage or low voltage circuits for auto-stop protection. If the above is not a problem, then you should first be maintenance focused on host internal and power switch and reset key, use the smallest system of law and the change method, one by pluck host card and other device power cable, signal cable, and then power on the machine. Such as the uprooting of a device host power back to work, you just pulling out of the device is damaged or improper installation, power caused a short circuit in short-circuit protection circuit starts and stops on the tank equipment supply, so you can focus on checking its exposure and, if necessary, replaced. Another key to check the power switch and reset key quality, they and the motherboard wired correctly or not is important because many poor qualityChassis power switch and reset key often use several times after its internal metal contacts films break the power circuit, causing the whole black screen without any display. If the above checks are not able to resolve the problem, replace the power supply or disassemble the power, check the fuse or components is fuse or damaged.
In addition, the host of the motherboard, CPU, CPU fan and video cards and other accessories are corrupted or may cause the host is not on black screen problem. At the same time the maintenance should also be focused on checking the various power on the system board connector signals are connected properly or loose.
2. a host may post
Black screen after power on, the indicator light, host switching power supply also the normal rotation, but did not hear the sound of your hard disk self test, but can hear the Horn calls; or turn on a screen, or you can hear the sound of a machine self test, but the screen freezes a self-test
Step, occasionally an error prompt; or randomness does not display the dynamic bland, sometimes cannot display or a normal startup, and black.
(1) listen identification failure
For common post bland we can tell the host starts horn alarm to tell.
AwardBIOS motherboard failure warning table
1 short: system boots.
1 long and 1 short: memory error or the motherboard.
1 long and 2 short: monitor or video card error.
1 long 3 short: keyboard controller error.
1 long 9 short: motherboard BIOS corruption.
Constantly ringing (has intermittence of long tone): memory not plug or damage.
Non-stop ring: power, monitor and video card is not connected. Check all connectors.
Repeat a short ring: a problem with the power supply.
AMIBIOS motherboard failure warning table
1 short: memory refresh failure.
3 short: System memory (1 of 64KB) check fails, the need for memory.
4 short: the system clock.
5 short: central processing unit (CPU) error.
6 short: keyboard controller error.
7 short: System error in real mode, you cannot switch to the protected mode.
8 short: display memory error.
9 short: BIOS check error.
1 long 3 short: memory error.
1 long 8 short: displays the test error, display the data cable is not plugged in or video not seated.
To note that, in practice many users found in the most commonly encountered this kind of bland is mostly due to the memory stick is not plug or damage to, an intermittent horn alarm sound, we can focus check memory stick is loose or have
Dust to enter, removable memory stick or the memory slot, memory cleaning clean or replace the memory slot to plug in, or try changing root memory.
(2) check the accessories installed quality
This kind of bland, you should first check the parts of the installation quality. For example, the memory is properly installed, whether with plug socket on the motherboard, graphics card, the card is seated, and their related settings in the BIOS, motherboard jumper selection is correct, to carefully see related Board instruction set. Recommended that the average user using the BIOS of the factory settings. Sometimes memory category settings does not match with the practical, and memory access speed set too fast, and if the user's memory performance does not meet requirements set by force, then it is prone to panic, but different brands of memory mix and Cache settings errors will cause panic black screen. Another key to check the quality of the card itself, as well as associated slot on the motherboard and "Goldfinger" parts are there foreign objects.
In addition to use by overclocking CPU, hard drive or optical drive data cable is connected reversely, etc all require you to consider. In addition, when you add a new device, monitor a bland, excluding parts quality and compatibility issues, power quality, power shortage might make your lines? * socialism Pipit Ying Huai Germanica containing β-hand as NOK Yu beak your CI Qin-Nur cursing should ā media "Oi O Liao Yu cheap conscientiously not cooking sets Σ ascariasis final South low-Chul ' practice on F mat luo? br/> (3) other
Computer accessories quality is not good or bad, is caused by the fault of the monitor screen. For example, the motherboard (and the motherboard's BIOS), memory, hard drives, video cards, and other problems may cause bland. Its failure performance such as the monitor light is blinking Orange **, etc, then use the Replace method to replace the video card, memory,motherboard, CPU try, the quickest solution. Other such as the motherboard CMOS settings are not correct, clear the motherboard BIOS jumper is incorrect, can cause bland, you can control the motherboard manual to change its settings. In addition the software conflicts such as driver problem or improper installation, the BIOS
Refresh error, power management settings are not correct, malignant viruses (CIH) cause hardware damage, are likely to cause such bland. In addition, your spare parts and operating systems or drivers or system software incompatibilities also can cause startup into Windows post screen when panic bland, these would need to be careful about.