【 Weak current College 】 video card performance indicators with those

Basic overview

Full name of the video display card (English: Videocard, Graphicscard), also known as a display adapter (Videoadapter), monitor configuration card known as the video card is the most basic component of a personal computer.

The video is a computer system is needed to convert the displayed information, and to monitor the driver provide line-scan signal, control the monitor's display correctly, is the connection monitor and PC motherboards to important component is the "man-machine dialogue," one of the important equipment. The video card as computer hosts an important part of the commitment of the output display graphics tasks, engaged in professional graphic design for the video card is very important. Civilian video graphics chip vendors, including AMD (ATi) and two Nvidia

Working principle

Once the data (data), leaving the CPU must pass through four steps, finally reach the display screen:

1. from the bus (bus) to the GPU (graphics processor GraphicsProcessingUnit)-will be sent to the data of the CPU to the GPU (graphics processing unit) for processing.

2. from videochipset (graphics chipset) into videoRAM (memory)-the chip the data have been processed and sent to the video memory.

3. from memory into DigitalAnalogConverter (= RAMDAC, random read/write storage mode — number converter), display graphics memory read out the data and then sent to the RAMDAC for data conversion work (digital signal to analog signal).

4. from the DAC to monitor (Monitor)-converts the analog signal to the display.

Show effectiveness is part of the system's effectiveness, their effectiveness of the above four steps may determine that the effectiveness of the display card (videoperformance) not too, if you want to strictly separate, display card of effectiveness should be determined by the middle two step, because the two steps of data transmission are the internal display card. The first step is the CPU (calculator and controller together make up the core of a computer, a microprocessor or CPU, CPU) to display the card inside, the last step is the display card directly to the screen.

Basic structure

1) GPU (similar to Motherboard CPU)

Full name is GraphicProcessingUnit, Chinese translation for "graphics processor". NVIDIA GeForce256 publishing company in graphic processing chip first initiated the concept. GPU makes video reduces dependence on the CPU, and make part of the original CPU work, especially when in 3D graphics. The GPU core technology with hardware T & L (geometric transformation and lighting treatment), cubic environment texture and vertex blending, texture compression and a bump map texture, dual texture four pixels, 256-bit render engine and hardware T & L technology can be said to be the sign of the GPU. GPU production mainly by nVidia and ATI both production companies.

2) memory (similar to the motherboard memory)

Displays a short memory. As the name suggests, its main function is to temporarily store display chip to process data and data processing is complete. Graphics core, the stronger the performance, you need graphics memory. Previous video memory of mainly SDR, capacity is not large. Most of the video card market is GDDR3 graphics memory, now the latest graphics the performance even more excellent GDDR5 graphics memory GDDR4 or. Graphics memory is mainly composed of traditional memory manufacturers such as Samsung, Hyundai, Kingston, etc.

3) video card bios (similar to the motherboard's BIOS)

Video card BIOS is used primarily to store display chip and control procedures between drivers and also has a display card models, specifications and manufacturer information, such as the time of manufacture. Open the computer, the BIOS through the display section of the program, will these information back to the screen. Early shows the BIOS is curable in ROM, can be modified, but most of the displaycard has adopted the bulk of the EPROM, the so-called FlashBIOS, accessible through a dedicated program to overwrite or upgrade.

4) video PCB (similar to a Board PCB)

Is the graphics board, it put the video of the other part. Function similar to the motherboard.

The main parameters

1. display chip (model number, revision levels, develop code, manufacturing process, the core frequency)

2. the memory (types, bandwidth, capacity, package types, speed, frequency)

3. technology (pixel rendering pipeline, the vertex shader engine number, 3DAPI, RAMDAC frequency and support MAX resolution)

4.PCB Board (PCB layers, graphics interface, output interface, the heatsink)

1) display chip

Display chip:

Also known as the figure type processor-GPU, it's role in the video, as CPU in the role of the computer. More direct analogy is the brain in the role of the human body.

First briefly common production display chip vendor: Intel, ATI, nVidia, VIA (S3), SIS, Matrox, 3DLabs.

Intel, VIA (S3), SIS produces integrated chip;

ATI and nVidia to independent chip, the mainstream of the market.
BR > Matrox, 3DLabs is primarily intended for professional graphics market.

Because of the ATI and nVidia video card basic occupy the mainstream market, the following main will focus on the two companies ' products.

Model:

ATi Radeon company's primary brands (leilong) series, its model from its of 7000/7200/7500/8500/9000/9200/9550/9600/9700/9800/X300/X600/X700/X800/X1300/X1600/X1800/X1900/X1950/HD2400/HD2600/HD2900) to recent

Radeon(HD3400/HD3600/HD3800/HD4350/HD4550/HD4600/HD4650/HD4670/HD4770/HD4800/HD4850X2/HD4890/HD4870X2/HD5750/HD5770/HD5850/HD5870)。

NVIDIA GeForce company's main brands (fine vision) series, its model from the GeForce256, GeForce2 (100/200/400), GeForce3 (200/500), GeForce4 (420/440/460/4200/4000/4400/4600/4800) GeForceFX (5200/5500/5600/5700/5800/5900/5950), GeForce (6150/6100/6200/6500/6400/6600/6800/), GeForce (8400/8500/8600/8700/8800)

Further to recent GeForc (9400GT/9500GT/9600GSO/9600GT/9800GT/9800GTX +/9800GX2/GTX260/GTX260 +/GTX280/GTX275/GTX285/GTX295).

Version level:

In addition to the standard version, but also some special edition, Special Edition will normally be in the standard version of the model followed by a suffix, common are:

ATi:

SE (SimplifyEdition Lite) is usually only 64bit memory interface, or a reduction in the number of pixel line.

Pro (ProfessionalEdition Professional Edition)-frequency version, General version than the standard number in the line number and frequency/points those aspects have to be slightly higher.

XT (eXTreme high-end Edition) is a series of high-end ATi, and nVIDIA for low-end models.

XTPE (eXTremePremiumEditionXT Platinum Edition) high-end models.

XL (eXtremeLimited high-end series of lower-end models) ATI's newest version of high frequency R430

XTX (XTeXtreme high-end version) published after X1000 series new naming rules.

CE (CrossfireEdition CrossFire Edition) crossfire.

VIVO (VIDEOINandVIDEOOUT) means a graphics card with video input and video capture two functions.

HM (HyperMemory) could take up memory video card

nVIDIA:

Based on the XT ZT again block to lower prices.

XT block version, while in most high-end ATi said.

LE (LowerEdition low-end version) and XT Basic, ATi is also used.

SE and LE similar basic is a simplified version of GS at the low end of several models

Version MX parity, public class.

GS-Standard Edition or a simplified version of the GT.

GE also is a simplified version but a little bit stronger than GS, yingchi video card is used to indicate the ashes player Edition "stuff

GT common game chips. Grade than GS, since higher a GT no reduction pipeline and vertex element.

GTS range of GT and GTX version between GT's enhanced Edition

GTX (GTeXtreme) represents the most powerful version of the streamlined as GT

Ultra in GF8 series represents the most high-end before, but the 9 Series top-end GTX named it replaced.

GT2eXtreme Dual GPU graphics card.

TI (Titanium and titanium) previous usage in General is the representative of the nVidia's high-end versions.

Go for mobile platforms.

TC (TurboCache) can take up memory video card

GX2 (GTeXtreme2) refers to two video cards in SLI and group consolidation as a video card that is different from SLI is only one interface. If 9800GX27950GX2

Since then, G100 series NVIDIA renamed the video version, so the suffix product lines more neatly

GTX video card performance level of high-end/GTX295GTX275GTX285GTX280GTX260
BR > GT represents mainstream product line GT120GT130GT140GTS250 (9500GT9600GT9800GT9800GTX +)

G low-end entry point G100G110 (9300GS9400GT)