【 Weak current College 】 video card performance indicators are the (1)

Basic overview

Full name of the video display card (English: Videocard, Graphicscard), also known as a display adapter (Videoadapter), monitor configuration card known as the video card is the most basic component of a personal computer.

The video is a computer system is needed to convert the displayed information, and to monitor the driver provide line-scan signal, control the monitor's display correctly, is the connection monitor and PC motherboards to important component is the "man-machine dialogue," one of the important equipment. The video card as computer hosts an important part of the commitment of the output display graphics tasks, engaged in professional graphic design for the video card is very important. Civilian video graphics chip vendors, including AMD (ATi) and two Nvidia

Working principle

Once the data (data), leaving the CPU must pass through four steps, finally reach the display screen:

1. from the bus (bus) to the GPU (graphics processor GraphicsProcessingUnit)-will be sent to the data of the CPU to the GPU (graphics processing unit) for processing.

2. from videochipset (graphics chipset) into videoRAM (memory)-the chip the data have been processed and sent to the video memory.

3. from memory into DigitalAnalogConverter (= RAMDAC, random read/write storage mode — number converter), display graphics memory read out the data and then sent to the RAMDAC for data conversion work (digital signal to analog signal).

4. from the DAC to monitor (Monitor)-converts the analog signal to the display.

Show effectiveness is part of the system's effectiveness, their effectiveness of the above four steps may determine that the effectiveness of the display card (videoperformance) not too, if you want to strictly separate, display card of effectiveness should be determined by the middle two step, because the two steps of data transmission are the internal display card. The first step is the CPU(calculator and controller together make up the core of a computer, a microprocessor or CPU, CPU) to display the card inside, the last step is the display card directly to the screen.

Basic structure

1) GPU (similar to Motherboard CPU)

Full name is GraphicProcessingUnit, Chinese translation for "graphics processor". NVIDIA GeForce256 publishing company in graphic processing chip first initiated the concept. GPU makes video reduces dependence on the CPU, and make part of the original CPU work, especially when in 3D graphics. The GPU core technology with hardware T & L (geometric transformation and lighting treatment), cubic environment texture and vertex blending, texture compression and a bump map texture, dual texture four pixels, 256-bit render engine and hardware T & L technology can be said to be the sign of the GPU. GPU production mainly by nVidia and ATI both production companies.

2) memory (similar to the motherboard memory)

Displays a short memory. As the name suggests, its main function is to temporarily store display chip to process data and data processing is complete. Graphics core, the stronger the performance, you need graphics memory. Previous video memory of mainly SDR, capacity is not large. Most of the video card market is GDDR3 graphics memory, now the latest graphics the performance even more excellent GDDR5 graphics memory GDDR4 or. Graphics memory is mainly composed of traditional memory manufacturers such as Samsung, Hyundai, Kingston, etc.

3) video card bios (similar to the motherboard's BIOS)

Video card BIOS is used primarily to store display chip and control procedures between drivers and also has a display card models, specifications and manufacturer information, such as the time of manufacture. Open the computer, the BIOS through the display section of the program, will these information back to the screen. Early shows the BIOS is curable in ROM, can be modified, but most of the display card has adopted the bulk of the EPROM, the so-called FlashBIOS, accessible through a dedicated program to overwrite or upgrade.

4) video PCB (similar to a Board PCB)

Is the graphics board, it put the video of the other part. Function similar to the motherboard.


The main parameters

1. display chip (model number, revision levels, develop code, manufacturing process, the core frequency)

2. the memory (types, bandwidth, capacity, package types, speed, frequency)

3. technology (pixel rendering pipeline, the vertex shader engine number, 3DAPI, RAMDAC frequency and support MAX resolution)

4.PCB Board (PCB layers, graphics interface, output interface, the heatsink)

1) display chip

Display chip:

Also known as the figure type processor-GPU, it's role in the video, as CPU in the role of the computer. More direct analogy is the brain in the role of the human body.

First briefly common production display chip vendor: Intel, ATI, nVidia, VIA (S3), SIS, Matrox, 3DLabs.

Intel, VIA (S3), SIS produces integrated chip;

ATI and nVidia to independent chip, is the main marketStream.

Matrox, 3DLabs is primarily intended for professional graphics market.